限制“乱说话”并不代表“噤声”--回应lys的言论自由和种族和谐
lys小女子,在其《言论自由和种族和谐》一文中指出:
第一,“谈及言论自由时,种族关系突然变得很脆弱了”这是逻辑谬误。
第二,“言论自由必须控制以维持种族和谐”的说法是把人民当作愚民。
这到底是不是逻辑谬误吗?
PART II
FUNDAMENTAL LIBERTIES
10. Freedom of speech, assembly and association.
(1) Subject to Clauses (2), (3) and (4) -
(a) every citizen has the right to freedom of speech and expression;
(b) all citizens have the right to assemble peaceably and without arms;
(c) all citizens have the right to form associations.
(2) Parliament may by law impose -
(a) on the rights conferred by paragraph (a) of Clause (1), such restrictions as it deems
necessary or expedient in the interest of the security of the Federation or any part
thereof, friendly relations with other countries, public order or morality and restrictions
designed to protect the privileges of Parliament or of any Legislative Assembly or to
provide against contempt of court, defamation, or incitement to any offence;
(b) on the right conferred by paragraph (b) of Clause (1), such restrictions as it deems
necessary or expedient in the interest of the security of the Federation or any part
thereof or public order;
(c) on the right conferred by paragraph (c) of Clause (1), such restrictions as it deems
necessary or expedient in the interest of the security of the Federation or any part
thereof, public order or morality.
(3) Restrictions on the right to form associations conferred by paragraph (c) of Clause (1)
may also be imposed by any law relating to labour or education.
(4) In imposing restrictions in the interest of the security of the Federation or any part
thereof or public order under Clause (2) (a), Parliament may pass law prohibiting the
questioning of any matter, right, status, position, privilege, sovereignty or prerogative
established or protected by the provisions of Part III, Article 152, 153 or 181 otherwise
than in relation to the implementation thereof as may be specified in such law.
PART II
FUNDAMENTAL LIBERTIES
10. Freedom of speech, assembly and association.
(1) Subject to Clauses (2), (3) and (4) -
(a) every citizen has the right to freedom of speech and expression;
(b) all citizens have the right to assemble peaceably and without arms;
(c) all citizens have the right to form associations.
(2) Parliament may by law impose -
(a) on the rights conferred by paragraph (a) of Clause (1), such restrictions as it deems
necessary or expedient in the interest of the security of the Federation or any part
thereof, friendly relations with other countries, public order or morality and restrictions
designed to protect the privileges of Parliament or of any Legislative Assembly or to
provide against contempt of court, defamation, or incitement to any offence;
(b) on the right conferred by paragraph (b) of Clause (1), such restrictions as it deems
necessary or expedient in the interest of the security of the Federation or any part
thereof or public order;
(c) on the right conferred by paragraph (c) of Clause (1), such restrictions as it deems
necessary or expedient in the interest of the security of the Federation or any part
thereof, public order or morality.
(3) Restrictions on the right to form associations conferred by paragraph (c) of Clause (1)
may also be imposed by any law relating to labour or education.
(4) In imposing restrictions in the interest of the security of the Federation or any part
thereof or public order under Clause (2) (a), Parliament may pass law prohibiting the
questioning of any matter, right, status, position, privilege, sovereignty or prerogative
established or protected by the provisions of Part III, Article 152, 153 or 181 otherwise
than in relation to the implementation thereof as may be specified in such law.
首先,我要阐明我立论“种族和谐比言论自由重要”不是说明言论自由不重要,相反地,言论自由是宪法赋予之下的权力,说明每个人民都有自由发表意见的权力。
此自由可以是透过很多方式:言语、文字、图画、广告等等。不过别忘了宪法也限制此自由,所以才用了“Subject to Clauses (2), (3) and (4)”。这些限制当中当然包括“种族和谐”的内安问题,所以才衍生了许多法令,例如内安法令、煽动法令、诽谤法令、官方机密法令、出版及印刷法令等等。
按照lys的说法:“谈及言论自由时,种族关系突然变得很脆弱了”。是不是意味言论自由比种族和谐重要?所以我们选择其一时宁可不要种族和谐,只要言论自由?这样把言论自由无限扩大就有其危机。若根据她的思路,不就说明我们就可以高谈阔论敏感课题,因为言论自由啊。我们就可以污蔑其他人的宗教,因为言论自由啊。高举言论自由的旗牌,作出人身攻击,这样的自由,就是滥用自由之名,进行违反自由之实。
因为我国多元社会、文化、习俗的复杂性,(即使假设我们的社会是单一族群),有这些的法令限制我们不要“乱说话”,不是也有其可取之处?限制“乱说话”并不代表“噤声”啊。就好象在我的不自由里的自由--也谈自由一文所言:"就好象你有抽烟的自由,但是到了禁烟区你还是得将手中的烟蒂丢掉。言论就好象火车轨道,一离开航线就不能走动。在有限的自由上航行,才是真自由啊"。
还有,lys提出“言论自由必须控制以维持种族和谐”说法是把人民当作愚民。我们换个角度来说,是不是因为我们的民智是成熟的,个个都会如何“说话”,所以不要限制'乱说话“的法令?如果是,我当然接受。事实是如此吗?无论你是处在单一的族群或多元的种族,都需要法令限制如何“说话”。因为人的恶性使然,总爱“三八”和制造纷争。此思路可以成立的话,我们在社会也不需要法律了,因为民智成熟,每个人都不偷不抢不淫不醉。这样一个乌托邦的理想社会会实现吗?
更深入的说明,也许lys和她的朋友们民智是成熟的,不是愚民,个个都能言善道,又不伤害到人。因此没有必要法令的存在,这一点我也认同。环视我们的社会事实是如此吗?每个读者心里有数吧。
话说回来,当然执政者用此法令来对付政敌,这是有待商权的。还有那些乖离法律原则的条例必须要修改或者删除,我也是认同的。至于要不要废除就
见仁见智了。








6 Comments:
交通规则算不算是法律?
如果算的话,即使“民智成熟,每个人都不偷不抢不淫不醉",道德伦理再崇高的社会也都需要交通规则啊。
2:00 AM
sip khoon, 交通规则是属于交通法令的范畴。当然算。
10:39 AM
请你再一次细读我的部落。第一,我说用种族和谐当扼制言论自由是错的,这不能被误解为“言论自由比种族和谐重要”,重点根本不是比较何者较重要。
第二,我说煽动法令是恶法,因为当权者可滥用其模糊与可无上限扩大的定义,对付异议份子。我什么时候提倡或暗示过法律不需要存在?
偷换概念的游戏,我不想陪你玩。只是你既然点名写了这篇回应,不说点话有点失礼,特此留言。
1:08 PM
> 此思路可以成立的话,我们在社会也不需要法律了
那么你的这个论点就不能成立了。“道德伦理再崇高的社会也都需要交通规则啊。”
2:36 AM
那其实社会还有真正的言论自由吗?
若所有的言论都被政经文教有所约束
不得谈论任何敏感话题
这样的言论自由
是否只能称之为言论半自由呢?
10:45 PM
Enjoyed a lot! »
9:16 AM
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